Showing posts with label animal. Show all posts
Showing posts with label animal. Show all posts

Monday, 20 May 2013

Ligia oceanica (Linnaeus 1767)

... I'm a little tired of the rambling pre-amble, so I'm limiting it to one paragraph and the taxonomy. As such, on with the show:

Eukaryota ...has nuclear membrane, various cell organelles...
  Animalia... is an animal...
    Eumetazoa...isn't a sponge... My continuing apologies to poriferophiles...
      Bilateralia... enjoys only one line of symmetry...
        Nephrozoa... depending on phylogeny followed, isn't an acoelomorph flatworm...
          Protostomia... cell fate in embryo is fixed (in most taxa)...
            Ecdysozoa... sheds skin... not unique to the group, but it's in the name...
              Arthropoda...has a jointed exoskeleton, or is descended from something with one...
                Crustacea... is related to crabs, lobsters, etc...
                  Malacostraca... is more closely related to crabs than, say, triops...
                    Eumalacostraca... is more closely related to crabs than mantis shrimp...
                      Peracarida... isn't a crab. Or a lobster. Or a shrimp.
                        Isopoda... is related to woodlice.
                          Oniscidea... is a woodlouse...
                            Diplocheta... isn't a traditional woodlouse...
                              Ligiidae... is a member of one of the various groups occasionally known as 'slaters'

Ligia oceanica
(Linnaeus 1767)

...is a sea-slater. Otherwise known as this: 
Ligia oceanica, Bosham, West Sussex, UK
  
Widely distributed across the north Atlantic (and attached seas) coasts, this is a semi-marine woodlouse, rarely found any distance from the shore. It munches on various algaes (particularly bladder-wrack, apparently), detritus and microscopic organisms at night, and hides under stones and in crevices during the day.

It's also the UK's largest woodlouse, reaching an inch or so in length. 

Friday, 10 May 2013

Anthia (Termophilum) fornasinii, Bertoloni 1845

So....

It's been about a... while. That's largely because other stuff (henceforth referred to as 'shizzlage') has been a-happening... and is continuing to happen, but I'm taking a break. 

Instead of going away from the computer and giving my eyes a chance to recover, I'm giving you a wonderful gift. Some hints: 

Eukaryota
  Animalia
    Eumetazoa
      Bilateralia
        Nephrozoa
          Protostomia
            Ecdysozoa
              Arthropoda
                Hexapoda
                  Insecta
                    Dicondylia
                      Pterygota
                        Manopterygota
                          Neoptera
                            Eumetabola
                              Endopterygota
                                Coleoptera

Yes, it's another beetle. We're a fraction closer to having representative samples of taxa (a tiny fraction. I'd need about twelve more up, eight or so of them weevils, before we could actually say that beetles were appropriately represented... and then, because we've already got three vertebrates up (here, here and here) I'd have to add two ray-finned fishes so that the Sarcopterygians don't steal an unfair share the show). Talking of the show, on with it: 

                                  Adephaga
                                    Carabidae (although realistically, a superfamily might be required here, these are probably the best-studied group of beetles that aren't agricultural pests)
                                      Harpalinae 
                                        Anthiitae 
                                          Anthiini

which brings us back to the more-or-less delightful:

Anthia (Termophilum) fornasinii
Bertoloni 1845
 (probably)

And - with precisely this much ado - here it is: 

Anthia (Termophilum) fornasinii, Bertoloni 1845, Chongwe, Lusaka, Zambia, November 2011

These really-quite-large beetles don't have much in the way of a common name, beyond 'Ground Beetle' or, a little more descriptively 'Predatory Ground Beetle. You point out that this heavy-bodied beetle is liable to be a fairly poor predator? 

Well... 
To give you some idea of the scale of this (Central/East African) species, that beetle held in its jaws is a reasonable sized chafer (Melolonthinae), around 18mm long - just a little smaller than a Common Cockchafer (Melolontha melolontha). 

As an interesting final point, several members of the genus Anthia are armed with Formic acid (ants are fond of this defensive chemical), with which they will spray attackers. I have to add that while I have handled these beetles on several occasions, I've never witnessed such an attack.


Identification based on comparison to images on Carabidae of the World, http://carabidae.org/carabidae/taxa/fornasinii.html 

Thursday, 18 April 2013

Lygodactylus capensis (Smith, 1849)

We're going to start with a taxonomically irrelevant discussion for this one.

Some years ago, a university friend of a friend said, upon learning that my primary interest in vertebrates was amphibians and reptiles, "What, the relict groups?"

I should note that he was British.

It is easy to get the impression, in the temperate zones and particularly in Western Europe, that amphibians and reptiles as world-wide groups are insignificant and composed entirely of a few species that are clinging on. Bearing in mind that each group on its own is more diverse than the mammals, and the amphibians almost rival the birds in terms of sheer number of species, this is clearly a false impression. Having considered this, I believe that it can only be perpetuated because of two euro-centric factors:

1) Both groups are composed primarily of ectothermic species, which are usually dependant upon periods of warm weather for breeding, so relatively few species have colonised our cold and geographically (but NOT historically) insignificant peninsula since the beginning of this most recent interglacial.

2) Members of both groups suffer disproportionately (among vertebrates) around human settlements, as they lack the dispersive ability of many birds, and unlike mammals, which have popular appeal, amphibians and reptiles both suffer (quite unjustified) persecution at the hands of many ill-informed persons who variously think they are unsightly, dangerous or even evil.

Which is why snakes could make a very good case suing the Vatican for slander.

Before this becomes a religious argument, though, onto the good news: the kind of news that has large, unblinking eyes, a scaly tail and four (often adhesive) feet.

Geckos. (Eukaryota, Animalia, Eumetazoa, Bilateralia, Nephrozoa, Deuterostomia, Chordata, Craniata, Vertebrata, Gnathostomata, Teleostomi, Osteichthys, Sarcopterygii, Tetrapoda, Reptiliomorpha, Amniota, Reptilia, Romeriida, Diapsida, Sauria, Lepidosauromorpha, Lepidosauria, Squamata, Scleroglossa, Gekkota, Gekkonidae)

Many geckos, particularly in the tropics, enjoy a much greater respect from the human population than their less adhesive relatives elsewhere, and a number of species have come to thrive not only on the edges of human settlements, but actually within the concrete hearts, where their habits of eating various pest insects earns them a welcome place in the disused corners of the human home.

Today's species is an imperfect synanthrope, meaning that it can do well out of a certain level of human settlement, but eventually (usually at the point at which people start poisoning ants), it can no longer survive in that environment (in case you didn't work it out, it eats ants. Poisoning ants kills the individuals that then eat those ants, and starves the survivors, who have nothing left to eat. Don't poison ants if you have lizards, frogs or threadsnakes in the area).

Anyway, without further ado;

Lygodactylus capensis
(Smith, 1849)


Lygodactylus capensis (Smith 1849), Chongwe, Lusaka, Zambia. September 2011.

(Photographed wild in Chongwe District, Lusaka, Zambia in September 2011, Using an Olympus E-420)